Óðîêè îíëàéí

PRE-INTERMEDIATE, UNIT 14


ADDITIONAL GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY EXERCISES


Ãðàììàòèêà
Past Perfect
Reported Statements
Óïðàæíåíèÿ A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M

Past Perfect

Grammar
Ãðàììàòèêà

Form
Ôîðìà

had + ñìûñëîâîé ãëàãîë + îêîí÷àíèå -ed

Ïðè÷àñòèÿ ïðîøåäøåãî âðåìåíè, îáðàçîâàííûå îò ïðàâèëüíûõ ãëàãîëîâ èìåþò îêîí÷àíèå -ed. Ñóùåñòâóåò òàêæå ìíîæåñòâî íåïðàâèëüíûõ ãëàãîëîâ, ôîðìó ïðè÷àñòèÿ ïðîøåäøåãî âðåìåíè êîòîðûõ ìîæíî ïîñìîòðåòü â ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ òàáëèöàõ.

Positive and negative
Óòâåðæäåíèå è îòðèöàíèå

I
He
She
It
We
You
They
'd (had)
hadn't
arrived before 10.00.

Question
Âîïðîñû

Had I
he
she
it
we
you
they
left?

Short answer
Êðàòêèå îòâåòû

"Had the play already started when you arrived?"
"Yes, it had."/"No, it hadn't."

Use
Óïîòðåáëåíèå

Past Perfect èñïîëüçóåòñÿ äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ êàêîãî-òî äåéñòâèÿ â ïðîøëîì, êîòîðîå ïðîèçîøëî ðàíüøå êàêîãî-òî äðóãîãî ñîâåðøåííîãî â ïðîøëîì äåéñòâèÿ.

When I got home, John had already cleaned the house and cooked a meal.

Çàìå÷àíèå

Îáðàòèòå âíèìàíèå íà èñïîëüçîâàíèå Past Perfect è Past Simple â ñëåäóþùèõ ïðåäëîæåíèÿõ.

When I got home, John cooked a meal.
(First I got home, then John cooked.)
When I got home, John had cooked a meal.
(John cooked a meal before I got home.)

Reported Statements
Êîñâåííàÿ ðå÷ü

Ïðàâèëî ñîñòîèò â òîì, ÷òî ãëàãîë êàê áû ñäâèãàåòñÿ íà "îäíî âðåìÿ íàçàä".

Present >> Past

"I love you" >> He said he loved me.
"I'm going out now" >> Ann said she was going out.


Present Perfect >> Past Perfect

"We've met before." >> She said they'd met before.


Past Simple >> Past Perfect

"We met in 1987." >> He said they'd met in 1987.


Will >> would

"I'll mend it for you." >> She said that she would mend it for me.


Can >> could

"I can swim." >> She said she could swim.


 âîïðîñàõ ñ êîñâåííîé ðå÷üþ ãëàãîë òàêæå ñäâèãàåòñÿ íà "îäíî âðåìÿ íàçàä".


Present >> Past

"Do you like school?" >> He asked me if I liked school.


Present Perfect >> Past Perfect

"Have you met my wife?" >> He asked if I had met his wife.


Çàìå÷àíèå

Ïîðÿäîê ñëîâ â êîñâåííîé ðå÷è â âîïðîñèòåëüíîì ïðåäëîæåíèè òàêîé æå êàê è â óòâåðäèòåëüíîì. Çäåñü íå èñïîëüçóþòñÿ âñïîìîãàòåëüíûå ãëàãîëû do/does/did.

I am going home. He asked me where I was going.
She lives in Rome. I asked her where she lived.


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Unit 14

Ïîâòîðèòü ïðîéäåííîå íà òåìó "Past Perfect Reported Statements" ïîìîæåò âèäåî



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