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Топики по английскому языку (English topics)

Страноведение / Россия

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Russia

The Russian Federation is the largest country in the world. It occupies about one seventh of the earth's surface. It covers the eastern part of Europe and the northern part of Asia. Its total area is about 17 million square kilometers. The country is bordered by 12 seas of 3 oceans: the Pacific, the Arctic and the Atlantic. In the south Russia borders with China, Mongolia, Korea, Kazakhstan, Georgia and Azerbaijan. In the west it borders with Norway, Finland, the Baltic States, Byelorussia, and the Ukraine. It also has a seaboard with USA.

There is hardly a country where such a variety of scenery and vegetation can be found. We have steppes in the south, plains and forests in the midland, tundra and taiga in the north, with highlands and deserts in the east. There are over 2 million rivers in Russia. The country is rich in beautiful lakes. The world's deepest lake, Baikal, is situated in Russia. They say, that the water in the lake is so clear, that if you look down you can even count the stones on the bottom. Russia has one sixth of the world's forests. These forests are mostly found in the European north of the country, in Siberia and in the Far East.

Across Russia's vast territory there are many types of climate, from arctic climate in the north to subtropical in the south. In the middle of the country the climate is temperate and continental.

In Russia, therefore, you can observe different seasons at the same time in autumn and spring months. For example, in Murmansk and Archangel April is still a winter month, while in Moscow in April spring has already begun.

Russia is very rich in oil, cool, iron ore, natural gas, copper and other mineral resources. Nature has richly bestowed upon Russia all mineral resources.

Regarding the Russian language, it is the native language of more than 220 million people throughout the world, and it is the official language of Russian Federation. It is also spoken to some extent by 130 million of people in the former republics of the USSR. Russian language, in fact, is among the 4 most widely spoken languages in the world.

As for the Russian stereotype, Russians have many peculiarities. They are believed to be industrious, tough, suspicious, brave and progressive. They are very hospitable, fond of being with other people and enjoying social life. They have a great sense of patriotism. They are generous, emotional, kind-hearted and loyal to their families. Traditionally, Russians are known to be patriarchal, and dogmatic in following conventional values. They are mostly faithful and tradition-loving.

It may be interesting to mention a few words about Russian cuisine. The wide range of Russian food is really worth exploring. There are many tasty dishes to try, such as Beef Stroganoff, stuffed cabbage leaves, soups, such as borshch, lovely salads, blini, pelmeni, kissel and many others. When Russians invite guests for a meal the table is usually overflowing with food.

In the latter half of our century international tourism has greatly increased. However, during the Cold War era not many tourists visited USSR. And now thousands of people from all over the world visit Russia. The country's history is long and eventful. There are more than 150, 000 historical and architectural landmarks and monuments. There are many places of interest in Russia. And foreigners come to explore its historic buildings, to see its museums and galleries, its streets and parks. But the greatest reason is the curious desire to find out something about the life of the Russian people, and their mysterious Russian Soul.

How do Russian people live? How do they work and spend their free time? People visiting Russia want to see that for themselves. That's why Russia encourages international tourism.